Technology depleting current electrical current using light from the sun has existed since the mid-1950s, when the first solar cell was created by Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller and Gerald Pearson in Bell Labs - they developed the first solar cell capable of generating enough power from the sun to run. everyday electrical equipment. A silicon solar cell was manufactured which was 6% efficient. Subsequently, they were able to increase the efficiency to eleven percent.
Anyone who knows about the possibility of using sunlight in electric energy, just have to remember from the junior high school class that the electricity produced by the solar battery is only good if the sun shines directly on the photovoltaic solar cell.
With the basic knowledge that a solar cell product has a direct (non-fluctuating) current, it is recognized that there are two very costly obstacles that stand in the way of practical solar energy: 1) How to convert current from direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) so that it can be used in the general household and 2) how to store energy for use, when necessary, after the sun has gone down or disappeared behind the clouds.
By the time solar technology developed and became less expensive to produce, our country's infrastructure was already being built and built around 110-volt and 15-amp alternating current standard. The high cost of using solar cells is the requirement to use expensive power converters to convert it from DC to AC.
With the help of Exxon in 1970, Dr. Elliot Berman developed a significantly less expensive solar cell. Its design has reduced the cost of solar energy from $ 100 per watt to $ 20 per watt. Although still expensive, it was a giant leap in the use of practical solar energy.
In 1976, the NASA Lewis Research Center began installing the first of many photovoltaic systems on every continent in the world, with the exception of Australia. These systems provided the power to cool vaccines, room lighting, medical clinic lighting, telecommunications, water saturation, grain milling and classroom television. The project ran from 1976 to 1985, and then from 1992 until its completion in 1995. Over time, the project was completed, 83 autonomous systems were created. These areas where systems were installed are clearly devoid of practical systems on the grid.
In July of the same year, the US Energy Research and Development Administration, which was the predecessor of the US Department of Energy, launched the Solar Energy Research Institute. And in 1977, the total production of photovoltaic products exceeded 500 kW (kilowatt). It was enough power to light bulbs 5000, 100 watts.
In 1982, the first electric power station of the megawatt-photovoltaic (photovoltaic) power station went out in line in Hisperia, California. The power of the system was 1 megawatt and was developed by ARCO Solar. The US Department of Energy and the industry consortium began work with Solar One, a demonstration project with a central 10 megawatt receiver in California, which established the possibility of using power tower systems. At the same time, the Australian Hans Tholstrup conducted the first solar-powered vehicle - the Silent Achiever - almost 2,800 miles between Sydney and Perth in 20 days. It was 10 days faster than the first petrol car. Tholstrup is now the founder of a world-class solar car race, the World & Solar Challenge of Australia.
Two other significant since 1982, which formed the history of solar energy; Volkswagen from Germany began testing photovoltaic grids installed on the roofs of Dasher station cars, which generated 160 watts of electricity for use in the ignition system; and the Florida Solar Power Station of the Southeast Residential Experiments Station began supporting the Department of Energy's photovoltaics program in systems engineering. Globally, photovoltaic production exceeded 9.3 megawatts.
In 1986, the world's largest solar thermal installation was commissioned in Kramer Junction, California. The solar field contains rows of mirrors that concentrate the energy of the sun on a system of pipes circulating coolant. The heat transfer fluid used to generate steam feeds the conventional turbine to generate electricity. While
Researchers at the University of South Florida have developed an effective thin-film photovoltaic cell based on 15.9%, made of cadmium telluride, breaking the 15% barrier for this technology. In Florida, a prototype system with a 7.5-kilowatt prototype began to operate, which includes an expanded concentrate of stretched membranes,
The first solar station to distribute electricity produced from solar collectors was Pacific Gas & Electric (PG & E) in 1993 in Kerman, California. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (formerly the Solar Energy Research Institute) completed the construction of its solar energy research facility and was recognized as the most energy efficient of all US government buildings in the world.
In 1994, the first generator of solar cups to use a free-piston Stirling engine was connected to the utility grid, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory developed the solar cell made of gallium phosphide and gallium arsenide. This cell development was the first to achieve a conversion efficiency of more than thirty percent.
Two years later, although not in the United States, it is worth mentioning that the solar-powered plane, Icare, flew over Germany. The wings, wings and tail surfaces were covered with 3000 extremely efficient solar cells. The total area is 21 square meters.
The US Department of Energy and the industry consortium are starting to work with Solar Two - upgrading the Solar One solar tower. Until the project was completed in 1999, Solar Two demonstrated how solar energy can be efficiently stored using molten salt economically, so power can be produced even when the sun does not shine; it also stimulates commercial interest in Solten's Power Tower technology. [http://www.energylan.sandia.gov/sunlab/snapshot/stfuture.htm#tower]
On August 6, 1998, the Pathfinder, a remote-controlled solar jet, set a record height of 80,000 feet after its 38th consecutive flight in Monrovia, California. This is higher than any proposition to date.
The tallest skyscraper in the city, which was built on the square 4 times in New York, has more energy efficient features than any other commercial skyscraper. The building includes integrated photovoltaic panels (BIPV) on the 37th and 43rd floors on the southern and western facades to provide a portion of the building's power.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Spectrolab, Inc. have developed an effective solar cell at 32.3%. This high performance cell was combined from a combination of three layers of photovoltaic material into a single cell. This camera was the most efficient and practical when used in devices with lenses or mirrors that concentrate sunlight. These hub systems [http://www.environment.gov.au/settlements/renewable/recp/pv/pubs/pv2.pdf] installed on the trackers, which always keep them in the direction of the sun. NREL also achieved record-breaking success in the thin-film cell niche. He increased the efficiency by more than 1% to 18.8%.
Today, when oil prices exceed $ 126 / Barr., More and more people are looking for alternative sources of energy to meet their energy needs. People all over the world understand that using cooking oil as fuel in diesel cars, using wind and solar energy at a residential level means that they can no longer depend on the Middle East or even their governments to regulate energy properly.
Individuals must be active in their efforts to provide themselves with energy. Who knows, maybe one day we will be able to invent cars with the removal and replacement of batteries like warehouse trucks. Spare batteries must be charged through the solar panel during the day to replace the battery space at night. Just in time for the next day at work.
