
Aerodynamics evolved from Newton's equations. With the continuity, momentum, and energy equations, models describing the motion of fluids can be obtained. A particular case occurs when the motion of a fluid is immobile, i.e. Fluid properties change position, but not in a fluid field with time, and can also be neglected for viscosity of a fluid. Thanks to these two features, steady movement and non-viscous, you can get the potential role you can get, the speed of the fluid is reached at every point of the game. As soon as we get the velocity of the fluid, we can find other important quantities. Classical aerodynamics explains how elevators of aerodynamic surfaces rise on the basis of potential movements. This movement is ideal since zero viscosity has never been achieved. The application of the concept of aerodynamics is widespread in aircraft, both manned and unmanned. Given this fact, this paper focuses on the aerodynamics of both manned and unmanned aerial vehicles.
1. Unmanned vehicles go by air, land and sea
This research paper provides an overview of the AUVSI conference along with a show that took place in Orlando, Florida. In essence, the theme of the conference was unmanned vehicles or robots, including their use on land, in water and in the air. Each of the unmanned aerial vehicles has different technological needs, for example, they need an onboard energy resource, often in the form of a battery, a fuel engine, and a jet engine. In fact, a goal that makes the aerodynamics of an unmanned aerial vehicle different from a manned air vehicle is the goal, that is, to achieve maximum efficiency in order to increase the flight range, as well as the time of a specific mission. The practical capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles can be found in both military and civilian use, such as using in monitoring crops, locating fish schools, etc.
One of the main problems associated with an unmanned aerial vehicle is the formation of an appropriate place where traces and operations can occur. It was noted that there is not enough space for such equipment for testing, because all airspace is occupied by military and commercial aircraft all the time. This problem is widespread in Mexico, tests for this purpose are often carried out in the airspace of Scandinavia. Given this fact, the study is one aspect of the software to better place the space for testing these UAVs in the air, which is usually occupied by military and commercial airlines.
2. Estimation of aerodynamic parameters of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on an advanced Kalman filter and its approach to a higher order
Evaluation of aerodynamic parameters is an effective method for modeling an aerospace system with the aim of developing a test environment, as well as for controlling the design of a system. In fact, the identification of the parameters of an unmanned aerial vehicle differs from the characteristics of a manned aircraft and is much more complicated due to its nonlinear nature. However, such difficulties turn it into a problem state for estimating the parameters of the problem of nonlinear filtering. Given this fact, the advanced Kalman filter (EKF) is the most appropriate tool that can help eliminate the repeated identification of aerodynamic parameters, as well as provide excellent filtering.
System identification facilitates dynamic flight examples using data taken from flight tests. However, the aerodynamic parameter is just one variable that can be useful in determining the basic data for the formation of an unmanned aerial vehicle. In contrast, the most appropriate method, according to the researchers, for an unmanned aerial vehicle is the dynamics of the computational fluid for two reasons. First, because of its short design cycles, and secondly, the cost is less than other parameters. Given this fact, the identification of the aerodynamic parameters was subjected to research and, thus, was overturned using computational fluid dynamics. In general, to identify the parameters of the technique that manages the data of the unmanned aerial vehicle in order to improve the aerodynamic characteristics, the sensors used are located within the aircraft.
3. Identification of the aerodynamic model of an unmanned aerial vehicle using a maneuver with a racetrack
In fact, the flight control system to test the degree of freedom of dynamic models of unmanned aerial vehicles. However, from the traditional point of view, the use of model parameters is determined by tests of tunnel tests, the measurement of aerodynamic forces, as well as the circumstances imposed on the aircraft. Such standard procedures are expensive and time consuming and not so affordable for unmanned aerial vehicles, compared with manned aircraft, where its usefulness can be justified given the purpose and commercial significance of the aircraft. Frameworks with distinctive evidence provide an alternative approach that can be used to measure the strength and control of subsidiaries or aeromechanics coefficients of both manned and unmanned aerial vehicles from flights. General instructions, including the methodology of recognition of evidence within the framework of the structure, are a test configuration, analysis of information similarity, model structure. This case study is conducted on the Royal Thai Air Force, in particular, on its aerial target.
Under the maneuvers of the racetrack, the aircraft is always in visual contact with the pilot, who controls the unmanned aerial vehicle, which is a mirror opposite to that of a manned aircraft, where the NIL pilot does not control the aircraft from a remote place, and not with the aircraft. Given this fact, the aerodynamics of such characteristics of the aircraft differs in nature. For example, the one who is controlled from a remote place is external in nature, and the one who is staffed with personnel is internal, where every moment of its aerodynamic moments is controlled from the inside.
4. The effect caused by the propeller on the aerodynamics of a small unmanned aerial vehicle
In recent years, the demand for unmanned aerial vehicles with individual and small scales has increased in order to carry out various missions. However, it is necessary to make efforts to improve the flight mechanism of such aircraft using an improved aerodynamic structure. One of them is to combine targeting capabilities similar to manned aerial vehicles. The study sheds light on the fact that the propeller-induced flow field has a greater influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of an unmanned aerial vehicle, especially those with high d / b values. Air traffic on the stage of an unmanned aerial vehicle is estimated from experiments in a wind tunnel. In a study published in this article, there is part of a request to create a skeleton for researchers connecting a propeller with wings. Small / micro unmanned aerial vehicles are an early plan. In particular, the impact of creep on the science of flight of nonspecific small unmanned aerial vehicles is considered in the wind tunnel for movement in the aircraft cabin at the approach. The inclination of the lift of the aircraft is autonomous from a different level of development. Persistence aspects demonstrate a strong dependence on development share. The relationship, which he accurately shows, uses the quadratic connection of the opposition.
The study is a proven approach to the study of the aerodynamic structure of unmanned aerial vehicles, but they were limited by the longitudinal plane, as well as the effect of turbulence on the transverse transverse forces. However, there is a possibility that the aerodynamic characteristics obtained on the sides of the lateral parts of the wings of an unmanned aerial vehicle may differ from the number, which may affect the overall performance of the aircraft.
5. The design of the aerodynamic measuring system for unmanned aerial vehicles
This study discusses experiments conducted to measure the balance that was intended to measure lift, as well as the resistance force, along with the rolling moment of several aerodynamic surfaces. In fact, many aspects during the design of the aerodynamics of an unmanned aerial vehicle were considered to produce an efficient design. The tests of the wind tunnel of the two-dimensional four-leaf aerodynamic profile of NACA and four different changes of this profile were carried out to validate the scope of the air movement assessment. The change in this profile was made with a specific end goal - to make an outlet with the state of the enterprise on the suction surface. Along these lines, four separate areas were investigated along the rope line for this outlet. This dissection included air movement, facilitating execution, which implied receiving bends using elevator, dragging and rolling with minimal coefficients as a preliminary approach for conditions in which the aircraft engine was turned off, called the no-blow condition, wind tunnel method trials. The analysis was carried out in a wind tunnel with a closed loop with an open test area. Finally, comparative experiments on the wind tunnel were compared and the numerical results obtained by the method of calculating the dynamics of fluids, as well as with other experimental references, turned out to be a big statement.
From a critical point of view, the balance was designed in the same way as in the study. As a matter of fact, the question of validity will always parry against the model of wind in art, since it was tested but not compared with numerical reference data, in fact, the agreement can be challenged. Given this fact, the result was in favor of the aerodynamic characteristics of the aerodynamic profile, which is the main drawback of the study.
6. Vision system for landing an unmanned aerial vehicle
The main goal of this work is the design and construction of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV, for its abbreviation in English), capable of supporting it horizontally autonomously, i.e. without the intervention of a human pilot; using these embedded control systems that included reference atmospheric pressure and the temperature difference between the atmosphere and the earth's surface. For such purposes, a stable, easily flying and capable of carrying electronics should be designed and built, and the sensors need an airplane; and a system of sensors and instruments suitable for an electronic vehicle control system will be implemented. Currently, the cost of operating a commercial UAV is very high and requires highly qualified personnel for proper operation and maintenance.
Complicated electron and programming have limited its use significantly, even for simple tasks. This project aims to develop a functional, reliable and easy-to-use and platform that allows you to implement new sensors or devices for future work. This work focuses on the aerodynamic study of an unmanned aerial vehicle, starting with a concept calculated using the classical equations of aerodynamics. This aircraft is estimated taking into account the low number of Reynolds 5105. During the concept development process, the receipt of an aerodynamically stable e-client aircraft is specified. The main results are the main customers of the elevator and the overall resistance to progress in terms of the angle of attack of the fuselage. These main clients are used when building a graphic polar app.
7. Dynamic modeling and configuration stabilization for X4-Flyer.
Cars with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) fly without taking on human operators. Use aerodynamic forces to ensure that these vehicles take off in the air and are designed to carry non-lethal cargo for operations such as reconnaissance, command and control, as well as pretense or bait operations. A UAV can also carry cargo deadly, but in this case it is considered a weapon, and the booking should not indicate in detail. AUV is controlled by drivers or operators, located on land or in the air, or pre-programmed, that is, pre-programmed. UAVs, which can be controlled only by controllers, called manned or remotely manned (RPV) vehicles. AUV designs are made in various classes, ranging from model aircraft to types of missiles or vehicles in a ball with blades or helicopter blades. They vary in size from a car small enough to fit on the back, as long as the model with a wingspan is larger than the wings of the Boeing 747. Investing in these aerial vehicles in our armed forces is a good idea because of the success of the fighting, its versatility and relatively low cost.
The question of the survival of the UAV is a double-edged sword. Although it has the advantages of a low radar reference low infrared signal, in addition to reducing the quality of life, as mentioned earlier, UAVs are not invulnerable. For example, most of them are relatively slow compared to manned jets, which rely on their speed to reduce the time of exposure to enemy fire. In addition, the UAV flies at a reduced speed in order to increase the flight time in order to maintain a longer time where it is in the air above a hostile area and to transmit information to friendly forces. In addition, due to its line-of-sight or optical range processing, UAVs cannot hide behind shields to repel enemy ground fire when they carry out their missions and airplanes. After damage by enemy fire, the current UAV does not have backup systems on board such aircraft. Finally, as experience increases, operational and advertising potential enemy UAVs will increase countermeasure forces.
8. Design and structural analysis of an autonomous UAV system consisting of slave MAVs with the possibility of detecting obstacles, controlled by a master UAV using roving control.
More specific are the specially developed functions of the ventricles of aerodynamic characteristics, which are devoted to specific flight studies, Himat or large-scale models of the real future of airplanes. Aerodyno, which receives a lift and offset, does not have propeller deflectors that allow scrolling up and down. Translational control is obtained by simultaneously applying a step to two rotors and changing the differential collective step by controlling yaw, which is very powerful flight control under normal conditions as a result of axial symmetry, which does not have aerodynamic control surfaces. The reactions of an unmanned aerial vehicle, unlike a manned vehicle, with rotor torque are minimized, since both are opposite, but any small imbalance of these torques or small body asymmetries, as a rule, violates the aircraft yaw ratio. This tendency is a control yaw (yaw) offset that distributes torque between two rotors to maintain a fixed orientation. If the vehicle is completely autonomous, the vessel will provide most of this information and the ability to update; eliminating small errors can accumulate the navigation system used.
Directional antennas, in the case of ventricular rotors, since the device has no flight direction, is aerodynamically preferred, body axes can therefore be azimuths controlled automatically by a flight control system in combination with a computer control station; ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡ, ΡΠ·ΠΊΡΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
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9. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΠ°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Uav
ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ (ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΠΠ’) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ (Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ) ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² (UCAV, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅) ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ’. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ. Π₯ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΠΠΠ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ (2001 Π³ΠΎΠ΄) ΠΈ ΠΡΠ°ΠΊ (2003 Π³ΠΎΠ΄). ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ½ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠΠΠ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΠΠΠ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
.
Π’ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°-ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ, Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΡ. ΠΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ·Ρ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ . ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ, ΠΠΠΠ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΠΠΠΠ.
10. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ: ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ
Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ «Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ», ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ. Π Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΠΠΠ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠΈΠΏ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΡ, Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ) ΠΈ Ρ. Π., ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-ΠΠΠ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° 5 Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 1 Π΄ΠΎ 5 ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 60 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
11. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΉ (Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ NUVLM). ΠΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ², Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ «Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ²» Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡΡΠ»Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ NUVLM, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊ inestacionarias Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
.
ΠΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Π² (ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ·Π°Π΄ΠΈ) ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠ»Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΊΡΡΠ»Π°. ΠΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Π². ΠΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΡΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΌ, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ.
12. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΠΎ
115 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΠ»ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡ Eoalulavis hoyasi. Π ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ - ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ - ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π° Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ (ADA), ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π°, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ. Π ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π° Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΌΠΈ.
13. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ»Π°
Π ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°, ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ
G-FORCES, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Π²? ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Ρ 60-Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ 2. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ 2000 ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ². (907 ΠΊΠ³) Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅, Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ 4000 ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ² (1814 ΠΊΠ³). ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ» Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ... ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡ (ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ» Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ), ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ°.
14. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ - ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ SimSAC
Π€ΡΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠΆ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΆΠ°, ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΡΡΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠΆΠ° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, Π²Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π°. Π€ΡΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠΆΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅
ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°. Π Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ: ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π΅Ρ ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Ρ. Π. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ²ΠΈΠΆΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΡΡ
ΠΈ Π² Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈ (ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ). ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² ΡΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ (Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠΎΠΉΠ»Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Ρ. Π. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈ.
15. ΠΠ²ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Π²
ΠΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΡ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Π², ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
, Π° Π½Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ½, ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½, Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠ»Π°, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Π², Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π²Π½Ρ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ; ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠ»Π°, ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ: ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠ»Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ.
Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Π² Π½Π° ΡΡΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Π², Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ, Π±ΠΈΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ, tnptans ΠΈ Ρ. Π. ΠΡΡΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ), ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΡ) ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ( ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ» ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ). ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° - ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠΆΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.

