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 Aerodynamic unmanned aircraft design -2

Aerodynamics evolved from Newton's equations. With the continuity, momentum, and energy equations, models describing the motion of fluids can be obtained. A particular case occurs when the motion of a fluid is immobile, i.e. Fluid properties change position, but not in a fluid field with time, and can also be neglected for viscosity of a fluid. Thanks to these two features, steady movement and non-viscous, you can get the potential role you can get, the speed of the fluid is reached at every point of the game. As soon as we get the velocity of the fluid, we can find other important quantities. Classical aerodynamics explains how elevators of aerodynamic surfaces rise on the basis of potential movements. This movement is ideal since zero viscosity has never been achieved. The application of the concept of aerodynamics is widespread in aircraft, both manned and unmanned. Given this fact, this paper focuses on the aerodynamics of both manned and unmanned aerial vehicles.

1. Unmanned vehicles go by air, land and sea
This research paper provides an overview of the AUVSI conference along with a show that took place in Orlando, Florida. In essence, the theme of the conference was unmanned vehicles or robots, including their use on land, in water and in the air. Each of the unmanned aerial vehicles has different technological needs, for example, they need an onboard energy resource, often in the form of a battery, a fuel engine, and a jet engine. In fact, a goal that makes the aerodynamics of an unmanned aerial vehicle different from a manned air vehicle is the goal, that is, to achieve maximum efficiency in order to increase the flight range, as well as the time of a specific mission. The practical capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles can be found in both military and civilian use, such as using in monitoring crops, locating fish schools, etc.

One of the main problems associated with an unmanned aerial vehicle is the formation of an appropriate place where traces and operations can occur. It was noted that there is not enough space for such equipment for testing, because all airspace is occupied by military and commercial aircraft all the time. This problem is widespread in Mexico, tests for this purpose are often carried out in the airspace of Scandinavia. Given this fact, the study is one aspect of the software to better place the space for testing these UAVs in the air, which is usually occupied by military and commercial airlines.

2. Estimation of aerodynamic parameters of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on an advanced Kalman filter and its approach to a higher order
Evaluation of aerodynamic parameters is an effective method for modeling an aerospace system with the aim of developing a test environment, as well as for controlling the design of a system. In fact, the identification of the parameters of an unmanned aerial vehicle differs from the characteristics of a manned aircraft and is much more complicated due to its nonlinear nature. However, such difficulties turn it into a problem state for estimating the parameters of the problem of nonlinear filtering. Given this fact, the advanced Kalman filter (EKF) is the most appropriate tool that can help eliminate the repeated identification of aerodynamic parameters, as well as provide excellent filtering.
System identification facilitates dynamic flight examples using data taken from flight tests. However, the aerodynamic parameter is just one variable that can be useful in determining the basic data for the formation of an unmanned aerial vehicle. In contrast, the most appropriate method, according to the researchers, for an unmanned aerial vehicle is the dynamics of the computational fluid for two reasons. First, because of its short design cycles, and secondly, the cost is less than other parameters. Given this fact, the identification of the aerodynamic parameters was subjected to research and, thus, was overturned using computational fluid dynamics. In general, to identify the parameters of the technique that manages the data of the unmanned aerial vehicle in order to improve the aerodynamic characteristics, the sensors used are located within the aircraft.

3. Identification of the aerodynamic model of an unmanned aerial vehicle using a maneuver with a racetrack
In fact, the flight control system to test the degree of freedom of dynamic models of unmanned aerial vehicles. However, from the traditional point of view, the use of model parameters is determined by tests of tunnel tests, the measurement of aerodynamic forces, as well as the circumstances imposed on the aircraft. Such standard procedures are expensive and time consuming and not so affordable for unmanned aerial vehicles, compared with manned aircraft, where its usefulness can be justified given the purpose and commercial significance of the aircraft. Frameworks with distinctive evidence provide an alternative approach that can be used to measure the strength and control of subsidiaries or aeromechanics coefficients of both manned and unmanned aerial vehicles from flights. General instructions, including the methodology of recognition of evidence within the framework of the structure, are a test configuration, analysis of information similarity, model structure. This case study is conducted on the Royal Thai Air Force, in particular, on its aerial target.

Under the maneuvers of the racetrack, the aircraft is always in visual contact with the pilot, who controls the unmanned aerial vehicle, which is a mirror opposite to that of a manned aircraft, where the NIL pilot does not control the aircraft from a remote place, and not with the aircraft. Given this fact, the aerodynamics of such characteristics of the aircraft differs in nature. For example, the one who is controlled from a remote place is external in nature, and the one who is staffed with personnel is internal, where every moment of its aerodynamic moments is controlled from the inside.

4. The effect caused by the propeller on the aerodynamics of a small unmanned aerial vehicle
In recent years, the demand for unmanned aerial vehicles with individual and small scales has increased in order to carry out various missions. However, it is necessary to make efforts to improve the flight mechanism of such aircraft using an improved aerodynamic structure. One of them is to combine targeting capabilities similar to manned aerial vehicles. The study sheds light on the fact that the propeller-induced flow field has a greater influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of an unmanned aerial vehicle, especially those with high d / b values. Air traffic on the stage of an unmanned aerial vehicle is estimated from experiments in a wind tunnel. In a study published in this article, there is part of a request to create a skeleton for researchers connecting a propeller with wings. Small / micro unmanned aerial vehicles are an early plan. In particular, the impact of creep on the science of flight of nonspecific small unmanned aerial vehicles is considered in the wind tunnel for movement in the aircraft cabin at the approach. The inclination of the lift of the aircraft is autonomous from a different level of development. Persistence aspects demonstrate a strong dependence on development share. The relationship, which he accurately shows, uses the quadratic connection of the opposition.

The study is a proven approach to the study of the aerodynamic structure of unmanned aerial vehicles, but they were limited by the longitudinal plane, as well as the effect of turbulence on the transverse transverse forces. However, there is a possibility that the aerodynamic characteristics obtained on the sides of the lateral parts of the wings of an unmanned aerial vehicle may differ from the number, which may affect the overall performance of the aircraft.

5. The design of the aerodynamic measuring system for unmanned aerial vehicles
This study discusses experiments conducted to measure the balance that was intended to measure lift, as well as the resistance force, along with the rolling moment of several aerodynamic surfaces. In fact, many aspects during the design of the aerodynamics of an unmanned aerial vehicle were considered to produce an efficient design. The tests of the wind tunnel of the two-dimensional four-leaf aerodynamic profile of NACA and four different changes of this profile were carried out to validate the scope of the air movement assessment. The change in this profile was made with a specific end goal - to make an outlet with the state of the enterprise on the suction surface. Along these lines, four separate areas were investigated along the rope line for this outlet. This dissection included air movement, facilitating execution, which implied receiving bends using elevator, dragging and rolling with minimal coefficients as a preliminary approach for conditions in which the aircraft engine was turned off, called the no-blow condition, wind tunnel method trials. The analysis was carried out in a wind tunnel with a closed loop with an open test area. Finally, comparative experiments on the wind tunnel were compared and the numerical results obtained by the method of calculating the dynamics of fluids, as well as with other experimental references, turned out to be a big statement.

From a critical point of view, the balance was designed in the same way as in the study. As a matter of fact, the question of validity will always parry against the model of wind in art, since it was tested but not compared with numerical reference data, in fact, the agreement can be challenged. Given this fact, the result was in favor of the aerodynamic characteristics of the aerodynamic profile, which is the main drawback of the study.

6. Vision system for landing an unmanned aerial vehicle
The main goal of this work is the design and construction of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV, for its abbreviation in English), capable of supporting it horizontally autonomously, i.e. without the intervention of a human pilot; using these embedded control systems that included reference atmospheric pressure and the temperature difference between the atmosphere and the earth's surface. For such purposes, a stable, easily flying and capable of carrying electronics should be designed and built, and the sensors need an airplane; and a system of sensors and instruments suitable for an electronic vehicle control system will be implemented. Currently, the cost of operating a commercial UAV is very high and requires highly qualified personnel for proper operation and maintenance.

Complicated electron and programming have limited its use significantly, even for simple tasks. This project aims to develop a functional, reliable and easy-to-use and platform that allows you to implement new sensors or devices for future work. This work focuses on the aerodynamic study of an unmanned aerial vehicle, starting with a concept calculated using the classical equations of aerodynamics. This aircraft is estimated taking into account the low number of Reynolds 5105. During the concept development process, the receipt of an aerodynamically stable e-client aircraft is specified. The main results are the main customers of the elevator and the overall resistance to progress in terms of the angle of attack of the fuselage. These main clients are used when building a graphic polar app.

7. Dynamic modeling and configuration stabilization for X4-Flyer.
Cars with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) fly without taking on human operators. Use aerodynamic forces to ensure that these vehicles take off in the air and are designed to carry non-lethal cargo for operations such as reconnaissance, command and control, as well as pretense or bait operations. A UAV can also carry cargo deadly, but in this case it is considered a weapon, and the booking should not indicate in detail. AUV is controlled by drivers or operators, located on land or in the air, or pre-programmed, that is, pre-programmed. UAVs, which can be controlled only by controllers, called manned or remotely manned (RPV) vehicles. AUV designs are made in various classes, ranging from model aircraft to types of missiles or vehicles in a ball with blades or helicopter blades. They vary in size from a car small enough to fit on the back, as long as the model with a wingspan is larger than the wings of the Boeing 747. Investing in these aerial vehicles in our armed forces is a good idea because of the success of the fighting, its versatility and relatively low cost.

The question of the survival of the UAV is a double-edged sword. Although it has the advantages of a low radar reference low infrared signal, in addition to reducing the quality of life, as mentioned earlier, UAVs are not invulnerable. For example, most of them are relatively slow compared to manned jets, which rely on their speed to reduce the time of exposure to enemy fire. In addition, the UAV flies at a reduced speed in order to increase the flight time in order to maintain a longer time where it is in the air above a hostile area and to transmit information to friendly forces. In addition, due to its line-of-sight or optical range processing, UAVs cannot hide behind shields to repel enemy ground fire when they carry out their missions and airplanes. After damage by enemy fire, the current UAV does not have backup systems on board such aircraft. Finally, as experience increases, operational and advertising potential enemy UAVs will increase countermeasure forces.

8. Design and structural analysis of an autonomous UAV system consisting of slave MAVs with the possibility of detecting obstacles, controlled by a master UAV using roving control.
More specific are the specially developed functions of the ventricles of aerodynamic characteristics, which are devoted to specific flight studies, Himat or large-scale models of the real future of airplanes. Aerodyno, which receives a lift and offset, does not have propeller deflectors that allow scrolling up and down. Translational control is obtained by simultaneously applying a step to two rotors and changing the differential collective step by controlling yaw, which is very powerful flight control under normal conditions as a result of axial symmetry, which does not have aerodynamic control surfaces. The reactions of an unmanned aerial vehicle, unlike a manned vehicle, with rotor torque are minimized, since both are opposite, but any small imbalance of these torques or small body asymmetries, as a rule, violates the aircraft yaw ratio. This tendency is a control yaw (yaw) offset that distributes torque between two rotors to maintain a fixed orientation. If the vehicle is completely autonomous, the vessel will provide most of this information and the ability to update; eliminating small errors can accumulate the navigation system used.
Directional antennas, in the case of ventricular rotors, since the device has no flight direction, is aerodynamically preferred, body axes can therefore be azimuths controlled automatically by a flight control system in combination with a computer control station; это Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, просто поворачивая корпус, ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π²ΡƒΡŽ Π°Π½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π½Ρƒ, постоянно ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ°Ρ Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ….

9. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π° Калмана для Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Uav
Ассимиляция соврСмСнных ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ (ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΎ говоря, ИКВ) ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π° амСриканскиС Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅. БСспилотныС Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ (бСспилотныС Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹) ΠΈ бСспилотныС Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ бСспилотных Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (UCAV, для ΠΈΡ… сокращСния Π½Π° английском языкС) ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² этой трансформации, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ прСдоставят Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒ, которая ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ прСимущСства Π² области ИКВ. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ сСтСвой ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹. Π₯отя интСрСс ΠΊ бСспилотным Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ история ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… самолСтов, Π‘ΠŸΠ›Π Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ новости ΠΎ своСй Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ эффСктивности Π² Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ…, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Афганистан (2001 Π³ΠΎΠ΄) ΠΈ Π˜Ρ€Π°ΠΊ (2003 Π³ΠΎΠ΄). Кампания Π² АфганистанС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ½ΡƒΠ»Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π‘ΠŸΠ›Π, которая Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ Π² АфганистанС, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π‘ΠŸΠ›Π Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ своСй основной миссии ΠΏΠΎ сбору Ρ€Π°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ руководству ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² своих цСлях.

ВранспортноС срСдство для транспортных срСдств, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅ носит Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°-ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, бСспилотного Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ аэродинамичСскиС силы для обСспСчСния подъСма, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ дистанционно, Π²Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ нСсти ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΡ‡ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΡƒ. БаллистичСскиС ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΈΠ·Ρ‹ ΠΈ артиллСрийскиС снаряды Π½Π΅ ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ бСспилотными Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ бСспилотных. Π’ΠΎ врСмя ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ удалСния ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ просто, Π‘ΠŸΠ›Π ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Ρƒ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ это систСма, прСдназначСнная для ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π²ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС. ΠžΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΡƒΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ гласит, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ устранСниС ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π° самолСта, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ большой ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ‹, просторныС ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ потрСбности Π² Π²Ρ‹ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, поэтому, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ Π‘ΠŸΠ›Π.

10. БСспилотный Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ: ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΎΠ² для бСспилотных Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΠΎΠΌ
Π’ послСдниС Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ проСкция бСспилотных Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм ΠΈΠ· граТданского граТданского сСктора ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ исслСдоватСлСй ΠΈΠ· области Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ сосрСдоточили Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΡƒΡŽ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ своих усилий Π½Π° исслСдованиях ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ…. По этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅, хотя ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поля, ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ «Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚», ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ физичСская систСма, способный Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠ°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π΅ для Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… миссий. Π’ дальнСйшСм Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ Π‘ΠŸΠ›Π Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ взаимозамСняСмо, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ судно Π½Π΅ нСсСт людСй для ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ…-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ частично ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ с Π½Π°Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ станции.

ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ бСспилотного Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏ двигатСля, аэродинамику, ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡ„Ρ‚, Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ) ΠΈ Ρ‚. Π”., МоТно ΡƒΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° для ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-БЛА составляСт порядка 5 Π»ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π² час ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ 1 Π΄ΠΎ 5 часов Π±Π΅Π· Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π°. Однако Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ опрСдСляСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ элСктричСских Π±Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ€Π΅ΠΉ, хотя ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ пСрСзаряТСны Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅, Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 60 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚

11. НСстационарная аэродинамика Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΠ΅Π² ΠΈ самолСтов, Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅Π²Ρ€Ρ‹ большой Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ΄Ρ‹
АэродинамичСская модСль ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°, рСализованная Π² этой Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅, прСдставляСт собой ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ сСтСвых Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ нСстационарных Π²ΠΈΡ…Ρ€Π΅ΠΉ (нСстационарный Π²ΠΈΡ…Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ NUVLM). Π­Ρ‚Π° модСль ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ аэродинамичСскиС нСлинСйности, связанныС с большими ΡƒΠ³Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈ, статичСской Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ…Ρ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ², Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ явлСниС, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ извСстно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ «Π²ΠΈΡ…Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Ρ‹Π²» Π½Π΅ происходит. МодСль ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ прСдсказываСт испусканиС Π²ΠΈΡ…Ρ€Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ тСчСния. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ Π²ΠΈΡ…Ρ€ΡŒ транспортируСтся Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΠ΅Π² ΠΊ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡƒΡ‡Π΅ΠΉ срСдС ΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ‡ΠΊΠΈ. РаспрСдСлСниС Π²ΠΈΡ…Ρ€Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ самоС Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ являСтся Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ сущСствуСт мноТСство ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Ρ‹Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°, основанного Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ NUVLM, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ это оказалось Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΈΠΌ прСдсказатСлСм Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠΊ inestacionarias аэродинамичСских ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ….

АэродинамичСскиС Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ зависят Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ аэродинамичСских характСристик ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… для ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΠ΅Π² (спСрСди ΠΈ сзади) ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»Π° бСспилотного Π½Π°Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ транспортного срСдства. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ усилиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ влияСт ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ аэродинамичСского транспортного срСдства Π² Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»Π°. Π­Ρ‚Π° ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ являСтся ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π³ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·Π΄ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹, которая находится Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ аэросСрвисный ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΡ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΠ΅Π². Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈ с Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ сторон повСрхности, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ вдоль ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ ΠΊ этим краям, Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ.

12. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»Π° самолСта с ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΡŒΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ
115 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄ Ρƒ ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΡ† ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° слоТная структурная систСма, которая позволяла ΠΈΠΌ Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ… скоростях с высокой ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅Π²Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, это устройство, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌ сСгодня Алулой ΠΈ присутствовало Ρƒ ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ Eoalulavis hoyasi. Π’ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… Π»Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ основныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°, ΠΈ экспСрты всС Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈ аэродинамики для ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… самолСтов.

ПодъСм - это сила, которая заставляСт Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ самолСт. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠ°Ρ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ - ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΠ΅Π² самолСта. ПодъСм, создаваСмый ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΠΎΠΌ, рСгулируСтся Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ скорости ΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈ (ADA), Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π°, с ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ встрСчаСт встрСчный Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€. Π’ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ скорости ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈ самолСта увСличиваСтся подъСм, создаваСмый Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΡΠΌΠΈ.

13. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΡ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ силовой установки ΠΈ состава Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»Π°
Π’ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ΅, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ вСс мСняСтся ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ потрСблСния Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°, ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ самолСта. На самом Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ манСврСнная ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ испытываСт измСнСния Π² коэффициСнтС Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ силах G-FORCES, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π±Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΠ΅Π²? НапримСр, самолСт Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ с 60-градусным ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° подвСргаСтся коэффициСнту Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ 2. Если эта ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ вСсит 2000 Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². (907 ΠΊΠ³) Π² состоянии покоя Π½Π° Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅, Π΅Π³ΠΎ вСс становится эффСктивным 4000 Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (1814 ΠΊΠ³). Π’ΠΎ врСмя вращСния.

Π§Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ равновСсиС ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π»ΠΈΡ„Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ вСсом, ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅Π²Ρ€Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ» Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π° самом Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ исслСдоватСли Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ€ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ баланса ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ двумя ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΡΠΌΠΈ, вмСсто Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΡΠΎΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ... Для вращСния с Π½Π°ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ для Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, слСгка ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ нос (ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ» Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈ), Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ подъСм, Π° Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΡƒ вСса.

14. ΠœΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ управлСния самолСтами - ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ SimSAC
ЀюзСляТ самолСта называСтся Ρ„ΡŽΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° основной корпус ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ конструкции Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡˆΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, основной Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ являСтся Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ экипаТа, пассаТиров ΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ², Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС Π² качСствС основной ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ для ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π”ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ Ρ„ΡŽΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠΆΠ° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ этих Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, Π²Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ для Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π°. ЀюзСляТи, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ сопротивлСния, ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅, эллиптичСскиС ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅, ΡƒΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ суТСнныС
Они ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ элСмСнтом любого самолСта. Π’ Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ силы, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ. Π•Π³ΠΎ конструкция ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ аспСкты: ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ вСс сгСнСрированного сопротивлСния, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡŒ ΠΈ Ρ‚. Π”. ΠšΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ повСрхности Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°. ДвиТущиСся повСрхности располоТСны Π² ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΡΡ… ΠΈ Π² хвостС, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² управлСния Π² ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ самолСта Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ любой оси (ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ). ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² эту Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ второстСпСнныС Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹, функция ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, связанныС с Π»ΠΈΡ„Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ (Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ, спойлСры ΠΈ Ρ‚. Π”. БистСма стабилизации самолСта. Π•Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° состоит Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ устойчивости самолСта ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ оси.

15. Π”Π²ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ нСстационарной аэродинамикС Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΠ΅Π²
ΠŸΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΡ†, построСнных ΠΈΠ· всСх Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡˆΠ°Ρ€Π½ΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΠ΅Π², ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, создаваСмыми Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Волько ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡˆΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ построСны с Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡ…, Π° Π½Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ тяТСлСС Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… машин. Как самая ваТная Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°, ΠΈ поэтому ΠΎΠ½, ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡƒΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½, вСроятно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ части. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° сСкции ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»Π°, Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΡ‹ ΡƒΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ, Ссли ΠΌΡ‹ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ этот крСст. Π—Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΡΠΌΠΎΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΠ΅Π², Π²ΠΎ всСх сСчСниях Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹, ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ, Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹; ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ становятся всС мСньшС ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΡΠΌ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΉ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»Π°, ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΡŽΡŽ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ всСх ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ: Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»Π°, которая сначала ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ с Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ.

Богласно Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΠ΅Π² Π½Π° Ρ„ΡŽΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠΆΠ΅, самолСт ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ высокий ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ, срСдний ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, согласно числу ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΠ΅Π², Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ плоскости ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ собой ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‹, Π±ΠΈΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‹, tnptans ΠΈ Ρ‚. Π”. ΠšΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΡ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ фиксированной Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ), ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (которая ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π΅ стрСлку) ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΡΠΌΠΈ падСния ( ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ» падСния). ПослСдниС Π΄Π²Π° Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° - это ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ самолСтов. ΠšΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΊ Ρ„ΡŽΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠΆΡƒ стойками ΠΈ консолями, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡ ΠΊΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… количСств ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.




 Aerodynamic unmanned aircraft design -2


 Aerodynamic unmanned aircraft design -2

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