1. Yukon
The Yukon, a vast, durable, sparsely populated land area located above the 60th parallel in the northwestern part of Canada, which shares its border with Alaska and earns its self-proclaimed slogan “more than life”, is topographically diverse, serenely beautiful, and poisonous attractive territory of barren, faceless plains, boreal forests, rocky mountains, glaciers and mirror-reflecting lakes and rivers inhabited by people of the First Peoples of Canada and abundant wildlife. Because of its high latitude in the summer, it experiences more than 20 hours of daylight, but less than five in the winter instead is replaced by the northern lights, known as the "northern lights". In addition to the large "cities", most of the communities are accessible only floating or dog.
The history of the Yukon is, in fact, the "Gold Rush". Disappeared by August 16, 1896, discovering a gold nugget in the northwestern part of Canada at the confluence of the Yukon and Klondike rivers, it began when about 100,000 people seeking riches and adventure went to what was later designated Klondike gold feverish path between 1897 and 1898. The event, which produced an instant demographic boom and extremely formed territory, traces its path to five significant places in both the United States and Canada.
The first of these, Seattle, Washington, served as the gateway to the Yukon. Advertised as “gold field equipment,” he sold supplies and equipment stored at a depth of ten feet on wooden planks in a villa that sold $ 25 million at the beginning of 1898 and was the starting point for the all-water route through Alaska Bay to St. Michael and then down the Yukon River to Dawson City. Despite the high tariffs that few could afford, all passes were sold out.
Dyea and his Chilkoot Trail, second place, provided a slower, more treacherous, alternative route, through the 33-mile Chilkoot trail, which connected Alaska’s street with the Canadian upper reaches of the Yukon River.
Skagway, Alaska, third place, quickly replaced Dew as the “Gateway to the Klondike” because of its more navigable route, the White Pass, which, despite ten miles longer than the Chilcoat trail, resulted in a 600-foot rise. The trail, quickly destroyed by overuse, was completely replaced by the White Pass and the construction of the Yukon railway, funded by British investors, was convened in May 1898 and spread to the White Pass Summit by February 1899, Bennett Lake by July 1899, and Whitehorse by July next year. Skagway himself was metamorphosed from the cleared, torn-colored fields onto the streets along the aisle with wooden wooden buildings with 80 salons in the four-month period between August and December 1897.
In Bennett Lake, fourth place, 30,000 stamps awaited the spring thaw, building 7124 boats from cracked green lumber and releasing their flotilla on May 29, 1898, battling the Whitehorse rapids before following the Yukon River in Dawson City.
The city of Dawson, fifth, was the site of the discovery of the first gold nugget and started as a small island between the Yukon and Klondike rivers, still occupied by Han-First peoples, but exploded into Canada’s largest city west of Winnipeg and 40 000 gold seekers covering a ten-mile zone along the banks of rivers. Thirty cords of firewood were used to burn mines through the permafrost of the mines themselves. Of the 4,000 people who actually discovered gold, only a few hundred are absolutely out of the "rich."
2. Whitehorse
Whitehorse, the capital of the Yukon desert on the banks of the Yukon River with a population of 23,000, itself was formed by the gold rush and vehicles that were designed to make it easier. Named after the rapids on the Yukon River, which resembled smooth manes for charging white horses, the area first served as a fishing camp for the people of the peoples of Quanlin Dan Dan-Nayn. In 1987, driven by tents, Canyon City served as the operational base of the horse tramway line, which carried people and goods, in particular, gold ruzas, around the treacherous white horses-horses on logs.
Three years later, in 1900, traces of the White Pass and the Yukon railroad reached the city, today the only international narrow-gauge railway that still operates in North America, and the passengers switched to an extensive river vessel that completed the Dawson City trip Yukon River.
In 1942, the US Army completed the 1534-kilometer highway of Alaska for a record eight months, 23 days, and Whitehorse was registered as a city in 1950. Three years later, he replaced Dawson as the capital of the Yukon.
Whitehorse itself is available in several modes of movement. The Alaska, Haines, and Klondike highways provide road access to the territories and Alaska, and the Dempster Show gravel connects Dawson City with Inuvik above the Arctic Circle in the northwestern territories. The Alaska Sea Highway and numerous daily cruise ships serve Skagway and Haines, Alaska in the summer season. White Pass and the Yukon Railway connect Skagway with Fraser and Bennett Lake, British Columbia, and soon the service will be extended to Whitehorse. Whitehorse Airport offers daily service via Air North, Air Canada Jazz, First Air and Condor, to Yellowknife, Dawson, Fairbanks, Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary and Frankfurt, Germany. Floating platforms provide remote access to the community.
The history of Whitehorse can be traced to a wide variety of sights and attractions.
The McBride Museum, for example, called the “First Yukon Museum” and located in a sod-roofed log structure, was founded in 1951 by historian Bill McBride to explore the history of the Yukon. In its upper gallery there are stuffed wildlife; Rivers of Gold is an exhibition dedicated to the search for the Yukon and in bulk since 1883, and the people of the first Yukon nation in the lower gallery; and early harvesting equipment, blacksmithing and the original Sam McGee 1899 cabin in one of two exhibition venues. The other contains ground stages used by the White Pass and the Yukon route between Whitehorse and Dawson, the cabin of the 1895 police patrol in the north-west and machine 51, built in 1881 and used on the White Pass and the Yukon Railway seven years later in 1898.
The Old Forest Museum, an Anglican cathedral built in 1900, is one of the oldest buildings in Whitehorse and tells the story of the early missions of the Yukon, including a priest who survived the winter expedition, eating his boots for food.
Perhaps the most popular sight, and one that serves as a symbol of the city, is SS Klondike, Canada’s national historic site. The largest of the 250 stern wheels, which evicted the Yukon River at 64 meters long and 12.5 meters wide, was built in 1920 by the British company Yukon Navigation Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of White Pass and Yukon Route Railroad, in the city of Whitehorse and was integral to part of the inland waterway system, which linked the Whitehorse with a reminder of the territory and, therefore, served as a key element in its own growth.
A design that traces its origin back in 1866, when the first such steam river ship arrived in Selkirk, SS Klondike I with a total weight of 1,362.5 tons and powered two jet capacitor engines with a power of 525 hp. the revolutionary building, which allowed it to offer 50 percent more cargo than previous configurations, without sacrificing uneven instability traction, allowing for the first time to hold more than 300 tons of cargo, along with 75 passengers of the first and second class. Of the three decks, engines, boilers and cargo were installed on the first or main deck; second living room, communications office, dining room, galley and solarium; and the third is the bridge and carriage.
To succeed in a dimensionally identical Klondike II after the initial vessel ran aground in 1936, completing the 460-mile downstream course from Whitehorse to Dawson in 36 hours with only one or two stops to replenish the tree, it worked like a cargo boat between 1937 and 1952, and was completely transformed into a small cruise ship for service until 1955.
The current dry boat appears in its guise of 1930.
The Whitehorse Street Railway Division, which replaced the structure originally built but later destroyed by fire, reflects the typical Western Canadian architecture of the early 20th century, although changes were made during World War II and during the Alaska project. After the regular railway service was discontinued in 1982, the Yukon government bought the building and rebuilt it, its passenger waiting room now reflects its legacy from the 1950s.
The Whitehorse Waterfront Trolley using the narrow gauge white passage and Yukon railway tracks The route and parallel to the Yukon River with stops at Rotary World Park, Tourist Information Center, White Pass Train, Wood Street, Shipyard Park and Kishwoot Station and Spook Creek provide excellent Acquaintance with the city, using one trolleybus car, number 531, for its hourly round-trip service.
The car itself in the original yellow color scheme was partially built by the JG Brill Company in Philadelphia in 1925 for the Lisbon Electric Company, which uniquely assembled the kit in its Santo Amaro store. Of the 202 cars built there, 24 were of the type 531.
Cart 531 worked in Lisbon until 1976, and at that time she was admitted to the Lake Rebuilding Museum in Duluth, Minnesota, where she stayed until the Yukon government bought it in 1999. The platform for transporting trucks through bitter cold and ice allowed him to get to the White Pass and the Yukon Route, which was restored at Whitehorse on January 6, 2000.
The two-way tramcar with controls at both ends has two 25-hp generator motors and two k.3 controllers and was designed to operate from overhead power lines using a power pole, but the lack of such facilities at Whitehorse required a temporary trailer-mounted electrical generator. This 600-volt work replicates the originally calculated 550-volt current, and installing rail wheels allows it to work on 36-inch White Pass and Yukon Route Railroad tracks, although it was designed with its original trolley wheel base to use a narrower width of 34 5 inches.
Because of the equally standard hull, it allows four to four, two to two, seating, sports varnished hardwood oaks, mahogany, and cherry interior with original signs, still in Portuguese.
The fishing boat and the Whitehorse Rapids incubator, located five minutes from the city, has been evacuated since the late 1950s when Whitehorse Rapids hydroelectric power station was built by the Northern Energy Commission of Canada. The roads of Alaska and Klondike connecting many communities and eliminating the need for the then vital river transport system ultimately led to the transfer of Yukon capital from Dawson to Whitehorse, and its population expansion could no longer be supported by the electric method of a diesel generator in the city center. The construction of a large-capacity hydroelectric power plant, concluded in 1956, formed Lake Shvatka, and this produced the city’s first electricity two years later, in 1958.
Despite the fact that the facility has improved the quality of life of the population, it has provided damage to salmonid species in the river. Salmon traveled along the Yukon River for spawning for thousands of years, laying eggs in the gravel, which after the winter period of pregnancy hatched in alevins in early spring and fed and developed in cold, clean waters for up to two years. After swimming to the ocean, they returned a few years to the place of their birth, to lay their eggs and start the process over.
To circumvent the new hydroelectric dam and allow them to continue their life cycle, the world's longest wooden wooden staircase at 366 meters was built in 1959. Gradually climbing the steps of 15 meters from the Yukon River to Lake Shvatka, this allows salmon to safely walk around the dam and continue the migration process.
A two-hour cruise on Lake Schwatka named m / v Schwatka, a 28-ton double-deck 40-passenger boat, provides an excellent view of the Whitehorse desert and sails through Miles Canyon, the turbulent Devil's Punch-on Bow and the Yukon River itself.
Several interesting attractions are located along the Alaska Highway, up Mille Hill Road.
The Copperbelt Mining Railway and Museum, the first of which provides an eight-meter-long loop 1.8 kilometers long from its red building in McIntyre through a thin spruce forest using the abandoned veneer line of the White Pass and the Yukon Railway located in the historic Whitehorse Copper Belt. Its two engines, the 10 and 20-liter Loke diesel engines, were manufactured by Jenacher Werks in Austria in 1969 and 1967, respectively.
In the Yukon Transport Museum, the Gold Rush transport heritage is depicted showing unusual traffic patterns associated with the north, from snowshoeing to canine to the aircraft. Exhibits include the Canadian Pacific DC-3, mounted on an external pedestal; full-size riverboat, "Neecheah" and steam locomotive. Inside the exhibition there is a Casey gasoline car that carried workers on rails; a passenger car used by the White Pass and the Yukon Railway; the White Pass and Yukon Railroad's route map; Ryan B-1 Bougham designated the Queen of the Yukon, the Spirit of St. Louis sister ship of Lindbergh, who served as the first commercial aircraft to work in the Yukon after purchasing it from San Diego Factory from Yukon Airways and Exploration, Ltd., 1927 for 10,200.00 US dollars; dog teams; 1919 Chevrolet convertible; five-cylinder engine Kinner; engine Lycoming R-680; 1965 International Emergency Medical Vehicle; Fairchild FC-2W2 welded steel frame; Smith DGA-1 "Miniplane" homebuild; bus from bus lines BYN; warships, including the seven-seat Dodge Carryall, used by the Northwest US Army Service Office during the construction of the Alcan Highway; and the railway tram, which used parallel journals as "tracks".
The Yukon Beringia Research Center considers Beringia, a subcontinent of the last ice age, which was located in the Bering Strait and covered Siberia, Alaska and the Yukon. Although a reminder of Canada lay beneath massive ice sheets, Beringia itself was unaffected by glaciers due to a 125-meter drop in sea level, producing tundra, where solid, dry grasses supported a wide range of herbivores and carnivores.
Woolly mammoth, among them, was the forerunner of the modern Asian elephant, and in the museum - a full-size cast from the largest example ever recovered. The juvenile bear, which was one foot taller than today's grizzly bear, was the largest, most powerful land predator in North America during the last ice age. The museum also has a reconstruction of the 24-thousandth archaeological monument of the Cinephic Cave.
The earliest human inhabitants after bison and mammoth herds migrated 24,000 years ago from western Beringia to current Canada.
3. Kluane National Park
One of the four adjacent national and provincial parks, including the Yuion National Park, 21,980 square meters. Km, Kluane National Park, Alaska, 52,600 square meters. Km Wrangell Saint. Elias National Park, Alaska National Park, covering an area of 13,360 square kilometers, and 9,580 square kilometers of Tatshenshini-Alsek provincial park in British Columbia, Kluane National Park is topographically diverse, covering massive mountains, valleys, lakes, boreal forests, glacial valleys and ice fields . Of the two mountain ranges - Kluaan and Icefield - the last highest peak in Canada - Mount Logan - at an altitude of 19,545 feet. Here is also the largest non-polar ice field in the world, the rest of the last ice age.
Of the two types of populations — human and animal — the first includes the people of Southern Tutcheon, who used to live a nomadic way of life, but continue to practice a culture that closely revolves around the natural world, and the second includes grizzly bears, lynx, mountain goats, elks, wolves , black bears, caribou, coyotes, 180 species of birds and the world's largest concentration of deer.
Haines Junction, which is two hours drive from Whitehorse on the Alaska Highway and serves as the base of a national park, is a full-service, year-round village that begins modern history in 1942 with the completion of the Alaska Highway on Milleposti 1016. A year later in 1972 году была выделена заповедная дорога через перевал Чилкат, связанная с Национальным парком Хейнс, Аляска и Клуане.
Его несколько достопримечательностей, всегда в окружении захватывающего, фиолетового цвета святого Павла. Elias Mountains, включают Деревенский памятник, местную скульптуру дикой природы; восьмисторонняя логарифмическая англиканская церковь Св. Кристофера; и католическая церковь Богоматери Пути, которая была построена в 1954 году из старой армейской хижины Quonset, оставшейся от проекта шоссе Аляска.
Вездесущая тонкая тёмно-зеленая ель, встреченная во время моего собственного тура по национальному парку, выстроилась по обе стороны от пустынного шоссе Хейнс, вертикальных хребтов Сент-Луиса. Элиасские горы Национального парка Клуане с правой стороны оттенки фиолетового, шоколадно-коричневого и бархатно-зеленого на их основаниях. Серебряная поверхность озера Кэтлин отражалась между ними.
Национальный парк Клуане и прил. Врангель Сент. Национальный памятник Элиас через границу в Соединенных Штатах был совместно внесен в Список всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО в 1979 году. Вместе эти объекты представляют собой непрерывную, первозданную естественную систему с богатым разнообразием растительности, узоров и экосистем.
Первая остановка моего собственного драйва показала галечный пляж, который, действуя как порог, направился к изумрудной зеленой воде озера Кэтлин, заключенный в квадратные скобки с обеих сторон высокой, тихой, ароматной елью, сама вода взаимодействовала с зеленым ковровым покрытием гора на противоположной стороне в бесшовном переходе, поднимая глаз до коричневого, без растительности верха, из которого все еще мелькали стройные снежинки, напоминание о долгой зиме и короткой летней паузе между очередным холодным циклом. Поскольку это был август, это начало не было очень далеко в этих северных широтах.
Лосось Кокание, живущий в пресноводном озере в течение первых трех лет своей жизни, плавает на короткой дистанции до Рыбного озера в четвертый год, и в это время он умирает. В 1700-х годах ледник Лоуэлл взлетел через реку Аляска, блокируя ее дренаж в Тихий океан и тем самым создавая интенсивное озеро. Когда плотина внезапно взорвалась в 1856 году, воды были выпущены в проливных наводнениях, истощая бассейн.
Национальный парк Клуаан - как ледники льда, так и скалы, последние - в холодных, альпийских средах на горных склонах. В течение последних 8000 лет хрупкая почва разрушалась фрагментами замерзания и оттаивания зимне-летнего цикла. Смазанная талой водой и верхом на ядре ледникового льда, непрерывно накапливаемая масса скалы медленно пробивается вниз по склону горы, образуя горные ледники.
Огромная, глубокая синева озера Дезадеаш, встреченная на другой остановке, была окружена значительно отдаленными горами, из которых мягко изогнутые, перевернутые чашеобразные вершины были уменьшены до серого и зеленого, почти неотличимых силуэтов в начале дня внизу высокое, беспрепятственное, сверкающее солнце. Небо было безупречным синим.
Деревня Клюкшу, усеянная крошечными бревенчатыми домиками и сувенирным магазином, была важным местом для многих семейств шампанского и айшихика, особенно во время сезона нереста лосося с июня по сентябрь, когда король, красная и кижуча мигрируют вверх по реке.
4. Вывод
Юкон, со столицей Уайтхорса и пустынным национальным парком Клуане, действительно представляет интересное путешествие через свое наследие «Золотая лихорадка» и транспортные средства, разработанные для его облегчения.
