In the tragicomedy characterizing human relations, it is said that the closer we are to someone, the more strange this person becomes. Earth Moon - the closest neighbor of our planet in space - mysterious, fascinating, annoying and confusing, he hid many of his secrets from the prying eyes of curious observers. In July 2017, using satellite data, a group of astronomers announced that they first discovered widespread water hidden in ancient explosive volcanic material on the near and near satellite of the Earth’s world. This discovery shows that the inner part of the Earth contains a large amount of local water, which was finally uncovered in numerous volcanic sediments distributed over the surface of the Moon, and these ancient deposits contain an unusually large amount of imputed water associated with the surrounding landscapes. The discovery of water in these ancient lunar sediments, which are believed to be composed of glass beads created in an explosive, magma eruption firing from the depths of the moon, reinforces the theory that the lunar mantle is surprisingly rich in water.
Planetary scientists believed that for many years the Earth was being depleted from water and other volatile compounds. However, this idea began to change in 2008, when a group of scientists announced that it had discovered water passages in some of the volcanic glass beads that were returned to Earth from Apollo 15 and 17 mission to the moon. In 2011, additional studies of extremely small crystalline formations inside these beads showed that they contain a quantity of water, similar to some basalt on Earth. This indicates that the lunar mantle - at least part of it - contains as much water as the Earth.
Nearest and closest to Earth
The Earth's Moon is the fifth largest moon in our Solar System, and the only world beyond our own that we moved on, leaving our footprints in the lunar dust as a silent test that, as soon as we experienced, it was there. Our Moon is the brightest and largest object in the night sky of the Earth, and many astronomers believe that our fascinating lunar satellite was born as a result of an ancient collision between our planet and the unfortunate size of Mars protoplanet which was named Theia. There are other theories that have been developed to explain the origin of our moon, but Giant impact theory is considered the best explanation. When doomed Theia blown into the original Earth, he launched into the sky over our planet debris caused by a catastrophic disaster. Garbage has ever merged with Earth.
Although Theia brought the ultimate sacrifice, he did not die in vain, because this unfortunate world ended life on Earth. The earth of the moon makes our planet habitable; it softens the Earth’s oscillation on its axis, which leads to a reliably stable, sustainable climate, and also leads to the ocean tides creating a rhythm that has guided humanity for thousands of years.
It was assumed that the moon of the earth The moon - and only the moon - until Galileo Galileo took his primitive telescope to the roof of his house in Padua in January 1610. Galileo aimed his telescope at a clear starry night sky above his house - one of the first to be used for astronomical purposes - and aimed at the giant planet Jupiter. As a result, Galileo discovered four major anniversaries. Galilean moons ever named after him: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.
Now we know that over 100 moons are around the eight major planets of our family of the Sun. Most of the moons in the solar system are ice, small and frozen worlds that contain only a small amount of stony material. The far multitude of glittering, icy moons in our solar system, mostly in orbit around four giant gas planets. Here, in this strange, cold and dimly lit kingdom, far from our burning lights and bright light, these tiny frozen moons make their fabulous, beautiful dance around their quartet of parent planets. The giant gaseous worlds that live in our suburbs of the Solar System - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, are covered with a heavy atmosphere of gas and are accompanied in their travels around our Star by their orbital retinue, many moons and sparkling icy moons.
The inner solar system differs sharply from a distant region of giant planets. The inner region of our solar system, where our Earth is located, is almost entirely not the moon. Of the four reliably small rocky worlds — Mercury, Venus, our Earth, and Mars — Mercury and Venus are barren of moons, and Mars revolves around two fascinating, but very small, potato moons, named Phobos and Deimos The duet of the Martian moons is often considered to be captured by asteroids, who had long since fled Main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. According to this scenario, Phobos and Deimos during their perilous journey from their original home, the severity of their adopted Red Planet when our 4.56 billionth Solar System was young. In a warm and well-lit inner solar system, only a large Earth is a significant lunar world in its own right.
The moons are natural satellites that surround another body, which, in turn, goes around its parent star. The moon is held in place by both its own gravity and the gravitational pull of its planet. Some planets have moons, but others do not. It is known that several asteroids are surrounded by very small moons, and some dwarf planets - like Pluto - there are also moons. One of Pluto's quintets from the moons, Charon , is about half the size of Pluto itself. Some planetary scientists believe that Charon is a really big piece of Pluto, which was torn off in a catastrophic collision with another wandering world for a long time. Since Charon accounts for almost 50% of the size of Pluto, two tiny ice bodies are sometimes considered a double planet.
Our Moon is the only permanent natural satellite of the Earth. It is also the largest planetary satellite in our solar system relative to the size of its parent planet. After the volcanic impact of Jupiter Galilean moon , Io, Earth. The moon is the densest natural satellite among those whose density is determined.
According to a recent study, the lunar satellite of the Earth is believed to have been born about 4.51 billion years ago. This means that our Moon was born shortly after the formation of the Earth in the original solar system. The average distance of the Earth's Moon from our planet is about 238,900 miles - or about 1.28 light seconds - and it is in synchronous rotation with the Earth, always showing the same face, and the near side is famous for its beautiful enchanting darkness and volcanic Maria (Latin for seas ), which are located between the famous impact craters and the bright, very ancient crust. The surface of our Moon is actually quite dark, although at night it appears in the night sky very bright, with a reflection only slightly higher than that of the old asphalt. The prominence of our Moon in the night sky of our planet, as well as its regular cycle of phases, made our closest and dearest celestial satellite a valuable cultural influence from ancient times in art, mythology, language and calendars,
Our Moon makes a full orbit around the Earth in 27 Earth days, and it rotates (rotates) at the same speed, which means that at the same time. Because our planet is also moving - spinning on its axis when it turns our Star - from our point of view, our lunar satellite seems to have surrounded us for 29 days.
Earth's moon consists of a core, a mantle and a crust. The lunar core is proportionally smaller than other terrestrial bodies. cores. The iron-rich hard inner core has a radius of 149 miles and is enclosed in a liquid iron sheath with a thickness of about 56 miles. A partially molten 93-millimeter thick layer surrounds the iron core.
The lunar mantle reaches from the top of the partially melted layer to the bottom of the lunar crust. It is believed to consist of minerals such as pyroxin and olivine, both of which are composed of atoms of magnesium, iron, silicon, and oxygen.
The Earth's crust has a thickness of 43 miles in the near hemisphere and 93 miles on the far side. It consists of silicon, magnesium, oxygen, calcium, aluminum and iron. There are also trace amounts of titanium, uranium, thorium, hydrogen and potassium.
A long time ago, when our Solar System was young, the Earth the Moon kept active volcanoes. However, today the lunar volcanoes are sleepy and have not broken out for millions of years.
Since the lunar atmosphere is very thin, it is too scarce to prevent a constant shower of impacts from asteroids, comets and meteoroids. These objects hit the lunar surface, leaving behind numerous crater craters. For example, Thai crater has a width of over 52 miles.
For billions of years, this continuous rain of falling objects sprayed the lunar surface, creating fragments ranging in size from fine powder to heavy heavy boulders. Almost the entire lunar surface is literally covered with a pile of soil consisting of charcoal, powdered dust and stony debris marked lunar regolith. Under regolith there is an area consisting of destroyed bedrock called megaregolith.
The relatively light areas of the moon are known as Mountain landscape , Dark features, moonlight Maria are impact basins that were later filled with lava between 4.2 and 1.2 million years ago. These light and dark areas were created by rocks of different ages and compositions. This shows how the ancient crust could crystallize from the global lunar magma ocean. Impact craters have been preserved for billions of years, and they provide observers with a history of impact for our Moon and other bodies that inhabit the inner Solar System.
The temperature of our moon reaches about 260 degrees Fahrenheit when under the full sun. However, in the dark the temperature drops to about -280 degrees Fahrenheit.
Earth Moon has a raw secret
"The key question is, Apollo the samples represent the volumetric conditions of the lunar interior or, rather, represent unusual or possibly anomalous water-rich areas, otherwise, the mantle. on the moon who never Apollo or Luna missions. “The fact that almost all of them have signs of water indicates that Apollo’s samples are not anomalous, so it may be that the volumetric interior of the moon is wet,” explained Dr. Ralph Milliken on July 24, 2017 Brown University Press Release. Dr. Milliken is a lead author of new research and an associate professor at Brown University, University of the Earth, Environment and Planetary Sciences. Brown University is located in Providence, Rhode Island.
A new study in which Dr. Milliken, co-authored with Dr. Shuai Lee, a doctoral student from the University of Hawaii and a graduate of Brown University, published in the journal July 24, 2017 Nature Geoscience. The study was part of Dr. Lee’s doctoral thesis.
The detection of water content in volcanic deposits on our Moon using orbital instruments is a rather difficult task. Planetary scientists use orbital spectrometers to measure light that transmits a planetary surface. By determining which electromagnetic waves of light are reflected or absorbed by the surface, scientists can then get an idea of which minerals and other compounds are present.
However, the Earth The Earth is a special problem, because its surface becomes hotter and hotter during the day. Alas, this is especially true in the latitudes where pyroclastic deposits are located. This means that in addition to the light reflected from the surface of the Moon, the spectrometer also wraps a measurement of heat.
“This radiation with thermal radiation occurs at the same wavelengths that we should use to search for water. Therefore, in order to say with certainty that water is present, we first need to take into account and remove the thermally emitted component, ”said Dr. Milliken continued to explain on July 24, 2017 Brown University Press Release.
To do just that, Dr. Lee and Dr. Milliken used laboratory measurements of samples returned from Apollo in combination with a detailed temperature profile of areas of interest on the surface of the moon. Using a new thermal correction, two astronomers studied data obtained from Moon Mineralogy Mapper, which is a visualization spectrometer that was transported on board India Chandrayaan-1 lunar orbital.
Two scientists found clear evidence of the presence of water in almost all large pyroclastic deposits that were mapped earlier on our lunar surface, including deposits near Apollo 15 and 17 landing sites, which were collected samples of waterproof glass.
“The distribution of these water-rich deposits is key. They spread over the surface, which tells us that the water found in Apollo Samples are not one-time. Lunar pyroclastics seem to be everywhere rich in water, which suggests that the same can be said about the mantle, ”continued Dr. Milliken in Brown University Press Release.
The discovery that the hidden inner part of the Earth’s Moon contains water raises some interesting questions about the lunar formation. Most planetary scientists believe that our moon was born from the debris left after the catastrophic collision of our original planet with a tragedy that was Theia. This collision would occur very early in the history of our solar system. However, one of the reasons why scientists suggested that the lunar interior should be dry is because it is illegal that the hydrogen needed to create water could be preserved after the ferocious heat of this ancient impact.
“The growing evidence of water inside the moon suggests that water somehow survived or that it was brought shortly after an impact by asteroids or comets before the moon completely hardened,” explained Dr. Li on July 24, 2017. Brown University Press Release. “The exact origin of water in the lunar interior is still a big question,” he added.
In addition to shedding new light on lunar water secrets, new research may also have important implications for the future exploration of the Earth. Volcanic beads do not contain large amounts of water - only about 0.05 wt.%, But the sediments are large, and water can potentially be extracted.
Dr. Lee continued to note that “other studies have claimed that water ice is present in shaded areas at the lunar poles, but pyroclastic deposits are found in places that can be easily accessible. Water from home is a big step forward, and our results offer a new alternative. ”
